Tangents with Parametric Equations — Question 2

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Question 2

Problem

The path x=t+sin⁡tx=t+\sin t, y=1−cos⁡ty=1-\cos t models a rolling marker. Find its tangent slope at t=π/2t=\pi/2 and interpret its sign.

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Original worksheet page 1: question and worked solution for 3-2-002
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Question 2 – Solution

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Solution

  1. Differentiate the coordinate functions: dxdt=1+cos⁡t,dydt=sin⁡t.\frac{dx}{dt}=1+\cos t, \qquad \frac{dy}{dt}=\sin t.

  2. At t=π/2t=\pi/2, dxdt=1+cos⁡π2=1,dydt=sin⁡π2=1.\frac{dx}{dt}=1+\cos\frac{\pi}{2}=1, \qquad \frac{dy}{dt}=\sin\frac{\pi}{2}=1. Since dx/dt≠0dx/dt\ne0, the tangent slope is dydx=dy/dtdx/dt=11=1.\frac{dy}{dx} =\frac{dy/dt}{dx/dt} =\frac{1}{1} =\boxed{1}.

  3. The point on the path is (x(π2),y(π2))=(π2+1,1).\left(x\left(\frac\pi2\right),y\left(\frac\pi2\right)\right) =\left(\frac\pi2+1,1\right). Therefore, the tangent line is y−1=x−(π2+1).y-1=x-\left(\frac\pi2+1\right).

  4. Both velocity components are positive at this instant. Thus the marker is moving to the right and upward, which is consistent with the positive slope.

Original worksheet page 2: question and worked solution for 3-2-002

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