Binomial Series — Question 1

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Question 1

Use the generalized binomial theorem to find the first four nonzero terms of (1+x)1/2(1+x)^{1/2}. State the radius and determine convergence at both endpoints.

Original worksheet page 1: question and worked solution for 4-18-001
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Question 1 – Solution

Step 1: State the coefficient formula.

(1+x)α=∑n=0∞(αn)xn,(αn)=α(α−1)⋯(α−n+1)n!.(1+x)^\alpha=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\binom{\alpha}{n}x^n,\qquad \binom{\alpha}{n}=\frac{\alpha(\alpha-1)\cdots(\alpha-n+1)}{n!}.

Step 2: Substitute α=1/2\alpha=1/2.

(1/20)=1,(1/21)=12,(1/22)=−18,(1/23)=116.\binom{1/2}{0}=1,\quad \binom{1/2}{1}=\frac12,\quad \binom{1/2}{2}=-\frac18,\quad \binom{1/2}{3}=\frac1{16}. Therefore 1+x=1+x2−x28+x316−5x4128+⋯.\boxed{\sqrt{1+x}=1+\frac{x}{2}-\frac{x^2}{8}+\frac{x^3}{16}-\frac{5x^4}{128}+\cdots}.

Step 3: Determine the interval.

The radius is R=1R=1. The coefficient magnitudes are asymptotic to a constant times n−3/2n^{-3/2}, so the series converges absolutely at both x=1x=1 and x=−1x=-1.

Conclusion.

The interval is [−1,1]\boxed{[-1,1]}.

Original worksheet page 2: question and worked solution for 4-18-001

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