Arc Length with Vector Functions — Question 4

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Question 4

Let r→(t)=⟨3cost,3sint,4t⟩\vec r(t)=\left\langle 3\cos t,3\sin t,4t\right\rangle with starting point at t=0t=0. Find its arc-length function s(t)s(t) and reparameterize the helix by arc length. Verify directly that the new parameterization has unit speed.

Original worksheet page 1: question and worked solution for 6-9-004
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Question 4 – Solution

Strategy Integrate speed from the stated base point, solve for tt, and substitute.

See the diagram in the original worksheet below.

Arc-length coordinate From Question 1, ∥r→′(t)∥=5\|\vec r'(t)\|=5. Hence s(t)=∫0t5du=5ts(t)=\int_0^t5\,du=5t, so t=s/5t=s/5.

Reparameterization R→(s)=⟨3cos(s/5),3sin(s/5),4s/5⟩,s≥0.\boxed{\vec R(s)=\left\langle 3\cos(s/5),3\sin(s/5),4s/5\right\rangle},\qquad s\ge 0.

Verification R→′(s)=⟨−35sin(s/5),35cos(s/5),45⟩,∥R→′(s)∥=925+1625=1.\vec R'(s)=\left\langle -\frac 35\sin(s/5),\frac 35\cos(s/5),\frac 45\right\rangle, \quad \|\vec R'(s)\|=\sqrt{\frac 9{25}+\frac{16}{25}}=1. Thus an increase of one unit in ss represents exactly one unit of distance along the helix.

Original worksheet page 2: question and worked solution for 6-9-004

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