Iterated Integrals — Question 1

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Question 1

Evaluate the double integral of f(x,y)=3x2y−2x+4f(x,y)=3x^2y-2x+4 over R=[0,2]×[−1,1]R=[0,2]\times[-1,1] by iterated integration.

Tasks

  1. Evaluate by integrating with respect to yy first.

  2. Evaluate again by integrating with respect to xx first.

  3. Explain why the two answers must agree.

Original worksheet page 1: question and worked solution for 4-2-001
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Question 1 – Solution

Strategy. Write both constant-bound orders explicitly and simplify the inner integral before performing the outer one.

See the diagram in the original worksheet below.

Step 1: Integrate in yy first ∫02∫−11(3x2y−2x+4)dydx=∫02[32x2y2−2xy+4y]−11dx=∫02(−4x+8)dx=[−2x2+8x]02=8.\begin{align*} \int_0^2\int_{-1}^{1}(3x^2y-2x+4)\,dy\,dx &=\int_0^2\left[\frac 32x^2y^2-2xy+4y\right]_{-1}^{1}dx\\ &=\int_0^2(-4x+8)\,dx\\ &=\left[-2x^2+8x\right]_0^2=8. \end{align*} The 3x2y3x^2y term vanishes because it is odd in yy over a symmetric interval.

Step 2: Integrate in xx first ∫−11∫02(3x2y−2x+4)dxdy=∫−11[x3y−x2+4x]02dy=∫−11(8y+4)dy=8.\begin{align*} \int_{-1}^{1}\int_0^2(3x^2y-2x+4)\,dx\,dy &=\int_{-1}^{1}\left[x^3y-x^2+4x\right]_0^2dy\\ &=\int_{-1}^{1}(8y+4)\,dy=8. \end{align*} Thus ∬RfdA=8.\boxed{\iint_R f\,dA=8}.

Verification The polynomial is continuous on the closed rectangle, so Fubini’s theorem permits either order. In the second order the odd term 8y8y cancels, leaving constant height 44 across a yy-interval of length 22, again giving 88.

Original worksheet page 2: question and worked solution for 4-2-001

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