Curl and Divergence — Question 7

Question 7 – Solution

Strategy. In two dimensions, divergence is scalar and curl is represented by the $z$-component of the three-dimensional curl.

Step 1: Divergence With $P=x^2-y$ and $Q=x+y^2$, $$\nabla\cdot\mathbf F=P_x+Q_y=2x+2y.$$ At $(-1,1)$, $$\boxed{\nabla\cdot\mathbf F=0}.$$

Step 2: Scalar curl $$\operatorname{curl}_{2D}\mathbf F=Q_x-P_y=1-(-1)=\boxed{2}.$$ Equivalently, the three-dimensional embedding $\langle P,Q,0\rangle$ has curl $\langle 0,0,2\rangle$.

Step 3: Interpret At the point there is no first-order net expansion or contraction, but there is positive counterclockwise rotational tendency. Zero divergence does not imply zero curl.

Verification The scalar curl is constant everywhere, while the divergence vanishes on the line $y=-x$; the point $(-1,1)$ lies on that line.