Power Series and Functions — Question 4

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Question 4

Derive a power series for log⁡(1+x)\log(1+x) by integrating a geometric series. Determine the constant of integration and the exact interval of convergence.

Original worksheet page 1: question and worked solution for 4-15-004
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Question 4 – Solution

Step 1: Expand the derivative.

For |t|<1|t|<1, 11+t=∑n=0∞(−1)ntn.\frac1{1+t}=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}(-1)^n t^n.

Step 2: Integrate from 00 to xx.

Term-by-term integration is valid when |x|<1|x|<1: log⁡(1+x)−log⁡1=∫0xdt1+t=∑n=0∞(−1)nxn+1n+1.\begin{align*} \log(1+x)-\log1&=\int_0^x\frac{dt}{1+t}\\&=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}(-1)^n\frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1}. \end{align*} Thus log⁡(1+x)=∑n=1∞(−1)n−1xnn.\boxed{\log(1+x)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{n-1}x^n}{n}}. The lower limit makes the constant 00.

Step 3: Test endpoints.

At x=1x=1, the alternating harmonic series converges to log⁡2\log2. At x=−1x=-1, the series is −∑1/n-\sum1/n and diverges.

Conclusion.

R=1R=1 and the interval is (−1,1]\boxed{(-1,1]}.

Original worksheet page 2: question and worked solution for 4-15-004

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